Asexual Development in Organisms
In asexual reproduction, an individual can do reproduction without the involvement of other individuals of the same species. The division of bacterial cells into two daughter cells is an example of asexual reproduction. However, asexual reproduction is not limited to single-celled organisms. Most plants also have the ability to carry out asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is divided into two, namely natural vegetative and artificial vegetative.
Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
* Has a membrane around the cell nucleus - eukaryotic
* Multicellular organisms
* Photosynthetic organisms (autotrophic)
Kingdom Animalia (Animal)
* Is the largest kingdom of the classification of 5 kingdoms
* Has a membrane around the cell nucleus - eukaryotic
* Multicellular
* Digests their food (heterotrophic)
The four main phyla, namely:
Coelentera
* only has two cell layers
* has a hollow body cavity
for example: hydra, jellyfish
Annelida
* has segmented body wall (ring)
for example: earthworms, sandworms
Arthropods
* has an exoskeleton
* has jointed attachments
for example: grasshoppers, lobsters, spiders, insects
chordata
* has a back nerve cable
* has an endoskeleton
for example: sharks, frogs, humans, cats
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Understanding, Characteristics, And Types of Uncultured Plants (Bryophyta) With Complete Examples
a. Natural Vegetative
Fission: Occurs in single-celled organisms, this organism will split into two equal parts eg: - Bacterial and plasmodium cell division (repoduction with double fission, the cell nucleus divides repeatedly and then each child nucleus is surrounded by cytoplasm), this process is called amitosis
Spore formation: formed in the parent body by cell division. If the environmental conditions are good, the spores will germinate and form new individuals. Example: mushrooms, mosses, nails
Pementukan Tunas: Tunas are small bumps that will develop and form the same as the parent with a small size. Then these shoots can be removed and if planted, grow as new individuals. Example: Yeast and Hydra cells (a type of coelenterata)
Fragmentation: When an organism breaks, it splits into two parts, and the fracture can grow back into a new individual. This fragmentation depends on the ability of regeneration, that is, repairing tissue or organs that have been lost. Examples: flatworms, thread-shaped algae
Vegetative Propagation: Vegetative propagation is given to seed plants. This process is when the body parts of the plant separate, then that part will grow into one / more new plants.
Stolon: is a stem that runs above the ground. along the stolon can grow wild shoots, and these shoots can be used as plant saplings. (Example: puzzle grass, elephant grass and strawberry)
Root Stay / rhizoma: is a trunk that runs underground. Can bulbs to store food or no bulbs. Rizom's characteristic is the presence of leaves that resemble scales, buds, segments and between segments. (Example: turmeric, ginger, galangal and kencur)
Buds grow around the base of the stem: shoots that form clumps. (Example: Banana Tree, Bamboo Tree)
Wild shoots: occur in plants whose leaves have meristems that can cause the formation of new shoots at the edge of the leaf. (Example: Cocor Duck Shoots)
Lapis Bulbs: are short stems that are underground. the bulbs are covered with paper-like scales. (Example: Shallots)
Stem Tubers: are stems that grow underground, are used as a storage place for food reserves, and therefore we can see a large shape. In the tubers, we can also see shoots that will also form new individuals. (Example: Potatoes)
b. Artificial Vegetative
Reproduction due to assistance from other parties, such as humans;
Cuttings: is planting plant parts, so that they can be grown into new plants. There are various kinds of cuttings, namely stem cuttings, leaves, or roots. stem cuttings can be done on cassava plants and betel plants. we can do leaf cuttings on the duck cocor and begonia plants. and root cuttings can be done on breadfruit plants.